From Humans to Agents: The Sustainability Inflection Point for DAO Public Goods

The reason DAOs struggle to survive today is not a problem of the model, but a problem of user type.Currently, the public goods provided by DAOs are designed for humans—and humans are not good payers.However, once the primary users of public goods shift from humans → agents, the financial structure of DAOs will be instantly transformed.

  1. Current Difficulties of DAOs Are Not About Governance, But Economic Model

Almost every DAO today faces the same challenges:
• Unstable donations (irregular contribution cycles)
• Free usage of public goods (users expect them to be free)
• Lack of commercial feedback loop
• Unsustainable finances
• Dependency on whales or foundations for support

This is because the current DAO public goods target humans, and humans have three critical characteristics:

  1. Low willingness to pay for public goods (Free Rider problem)
  2. High psychological friction in payment
  3. Operational friction in payment (wallets, authorization, switching chains, etc.)

Most human users are not ideal paying customers.

This is not a problem of the DAO model—it’s a limitation of the current economic stage.

  1. The Real Shift: Public Goods Users Will Move from Humans → Agents

AI agents have key traits that solve the friction problem:

① Agents don’t feel “pain” when paying

They don’t care about cost or fairness. They only optimize for utility.

② Payment friction is extremely low

Humans: open wallet → authorize → confirm → hesitate → pay
Agents: call_api() → auto_pay() → done

No mental effort, no hesitation.

③ Agents naturally follow micro-fee logic
• Gas fees
• API usage fees
• Tiny per-call charges

Agents treat these as natural inputs—no complaints.

④ High usage frequency makes micro-fee sustainable

Humans: use a public good 1–3 times/day
Agents: use a public good 1000+ times/day

Micro-fee × high-frequency = sustainable revenue

⑤ Agents are ideal public goods consumers
• No moral judgment
• No refusal to pay
• Only care about task efficiency
• Automatic payment
• Extremely high usage frequency

Public goods can finally be financially sustainable.

  1. Implication: DAOs Can Move from “Impossible” → “Sustainable”

Key factors of this turning point:

  1. User shifts from human → agent
    Human → Free rider
    Agent → Automatic payer
  2. Costs shift from psychologically painful → frictionless micro-payments

• 0.000001 ETH / API call
• 0.001 USD / task
• 0.00001 USD / query

Humans: perceive as inconvenient, often don’t pay
Agents: completely seamless
3. Usage frequency becomes extremely high
Human usage: 2–3 times/day
Agent usage: 2000+ times/day

Micro-payments × high frequency = sustainable DAO revenue

  1. A simple example

LXDAO can make existing public goods (e.g., high-quality articles in the forum) available for AI agents, and each time an agent accesses them, a micro-payment (e.g., 0.000001 U) is automatically sent to the DAO to maintain the public goods and support ecosystem growth, transforming DAO funding from reliance on human donations to sustainable automated revenue.

  1. Conclusion

DAOs struggle today because they build public goods for humans.
Once public goods are primarily used by AI agents, payment friction disappears, donations are no longer the main revenue source, and DAOs can finally achieve truly sustainable finances.

DAO 之所以面临可持续性问题,不是模式的问题,而是“使用者类型”的问题:目前DAO 做的公共物品是直接给人用的,而人类不是好付费对象。
如果将公共物品的直接使用者主体从人 → Agent,DAO 的财政会瞬间重构。

一、当前 DAO 的困难不是“治理问题”,而是“经济模式问题”

目前全球几乎所有 DAO 都遇到同一个困境:
• 捐赠不稳定(不是每个周期都有人捐)
• 免费使用多(公共物品被视为应该免费)
• 缺乏商业闭环
• 不可持续的财政收入
• 依赖巨鲸或基金会输血

这是因为目前 DAO 的公共物品用户是“人类”,而人类有三大特性:

  1. 对公共物品的付费意愿极低(Free Rider / 搭便车)
  2. 支付心理摩擦高(觉得“为什么我要付”)
  3. 支付操作摩擦高(钱包、授权、Gas、切链等)

所以:

绝大多数人类用户不是理想的收费对象。

这不是 DAO 的问题,是文明阶段的问题。

二、真正要发生的,是“公共物品直接使用者”从人 → Agent 的迁移

未来的 AI Agent 有几个关键特性:

① Agent 没有痛感,不在乎“支付”

它不会觉得:
• “太贵了”
• “不想付钱”
• “能不能白嫖一下”

它只会在优化目标下选择最优服务。

② Agent 的支付摩擦极低(自动化)

人类需要:
• 打开钱包
• 连接
• 点击确认
• 心理挣扎
• 觉得亏不亏

Agent 则是:

call_api() → auto_pay() → done

没有心理成本。

③ Agent 天生遵循 gas / API fee 逻辑

人类是抗拒付费的
但 Agent 已经内置了:
• gas 费
• API 费
• 查询费
• 可以计量的微额支出

Agent 对“微额付费”完全没有抵触。

④ Agent 的使用量极大,天然适合“微额 + 高频”收费模式

人类一天可能用一个公共物品 1 次
Agent 一天可能用 1000 次

这就带来一个逆转:

同一个 fee,对人太贵,对 Agent 极便宜。

⑤ Agent是更好的公共物品直接使用者(public goods consumer)

因为:
• 没有道德判断
• 没有拒付心理
• 只关心任务效率
• 支付自动化
• 高频调用

公共物品终于可以“收费维持”。

三、这意味着 DAO 的局面会从“不可能” → “可持续”

关键变化:

当公共物品主要由 Agent 直接使用时,DAO 的财政会自然而然形成闭环。

以下三点决定了这个拐点的到来:

① 直接使用者从“人”变成“Agent”

人 → Free Rider
Agent → 自动付费

② 费用从“痛感高的付费”变成“无感微额收费”

比如:
• 0.000001 ETH / call
• 0.001 USD / 任务
• 0.00001 USD / 查询

对人:无聊、麻烦、懒得付
对 Agent:完全没感觉

③ 频次从“低频”变成“极高频”

人类每天使用 2-3 次
Agent 每天可能调用 2,000 次

微额 + 高频 = 可持续收入。


四、一个简单例子

可将一部分已有公共物品(如论坛高质量文章)和未来将构建的公共物品转为面向 Agent 使用,每次 Agent 调用时自动支付微额费用(如 0.000001 U)给 LXDAO,用于公共物品维护和生态发展,这样 DAO 的财政从依赖人类捐赠变为可持续自动收入。

五、结论

DAO这一新组织形态,之所以面临可持续性问题,是因为它们目前在为“人类”构建公共物品。
一旦公共物品的直接使用者变成 Agent,支付摩擦消失,捐赠不再是主要收入来源,DAO 将迎来真正意义上的可持续财政时代。